Hi.
I was playing yesterday, and I broke my 1st string. Not having the time to go out and get a pack of strings, I put my guitar away and started playing my backup. Today I picked up my first string (pun intended) guitar and when I strummed firmly, there was a lot of fret buzz, especially on the bass string. Could the lack of a string cause this? When I replace the strings, will it go away?
Yes, it could ..... especially if it has a floating bridge.
With or without the floating bridge it is happening because 5 strings are pulling less on the neck and the truss rod is winning and pulling the neck flatter or even back bowed a little. Replace the string and it should go away or at worst require a minor truss rod adjustment. However, don't automatically adjust the truss rod if it is still buzzing since a day or so back in tune and with tension it may settle back in.