I have a question relating to the naming of chords: Why is a C chord a C chord and not a G chord since there are 2 G's and 2 C's and in fact a 3rd G could be added on the 6th string as well? This question would I think apply to the naming of any chord, but not sure.
a C chord consists of the notes C, E, and G. a G chord uses the notes G, B, and D. they only have one note in common.
It's not about how often a note appears, is which notes appear.
You're assuming an open C chord. There are actually about 100 different ways to play a C chord on the guitar - each variation is called a voicing. If you played a barre chord like 8-10-10-9-8-8 you'd have three Cs, two Gs, and one E.
Chords are named from scales. Each chord has a formula - the major chord is 1-3-5. If you take a C major scale and play the 1-3-5 chords, you get a C major chord:
C D E F G A B C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Guitar teacher offering lessons in Plainfield IL
We've a lot of lessons at here at Guitar Noise that can help you understand why chords are what they are. This one might be a good one to start with:
https://www.guitarnoise.com/lessons/theory-without-tears/
Hope this helps.
Peace
Thanks for all the info, guys! This helps a lot.